Proper Waste Disposal

The responsibility of the laboratory scientist extends beyond the generation of test results to the safe management of the hazardous byproducts created during the analytical process. Proper waste disposal is a strict regulatory requirement governed by the EPA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) and the DOT. The laboratory maintains “cradle-to-grave” liability for its waste, meaning it remains legally responsible for the material from the moment it is generated until it is confirmed destroyed at a treatment facility

Labeling

Labeling is the primary method of hazard communication for waste handlers. An unlabeled container is treated as an “unknown,” representing the highest safety risk and disposal cost

• Chemical Waste: Labels must list the full English name of every constituent (no abbreviations like “HCl”), the approximate percentage of each, the specific hazard characteristics (Flammable, Corrosive), and the “Accumulation Start Date”
• Biohazardous Waste: Must be clearly identified with the universal Biohazard symbol and typically color-coded red (for infectious waste) or yellow (for chemotherapy/linen). Sharps containers must be labeled and sealed before the “Fill Line” is exceeded

Transport

Moving waste presents a high risk for spills and accidents. Protocols differ based on whether the movement is internal or external

• Internal Transport: Liquid waste should never be carried by hand. It requires secondary containment (rubber pails or lipped carts) capable of holding the full volume of the vessel if it breaks. High-traffic public elevators should be avoided
• External Transport (DOT): Shipping waste off-site requires UN-certified packaging and strict documentation via a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest. Only personnel with current DOT Hazmat training are permitted to sign manifests or prepare waste for shipment